Biological and Therapeutic Responses of Human Skin to Visible and Near-Infrared Light

This 2025 review examined how different wavelengths of visible and near-infrared light affect human skin. Researchers analyzed the biological effects, therapeutic benefits, and safety considerations of violet, blue, green, yellow, red, and near-infrared light used in dermatology and regenerative medicine. 

What the Review Found

Different wavelengths produce different responses in the skin:

  • Violet and blue light showed antimicrobial effects and may help manage acne and abnormal scar formation.
  • Green and yellow light were associated with wound healing support, angiogenesis (new blood vessel formation), and collagen preservation.
  • Red and near-infrared light demonstrated strong evidence for photobiomodulation, skin rejuvenation, tissue repair, collagen support, and wound healing applications.

How Red Light Works

Researchers explain that red and near-infrared wavelengths interact with cellular chromophores and mitochondria, influencing:

  • Cellular energy production (ATP)
  • Tissue repair processes
  • Collagen synthesis
  • Inflammation regulation
  • Skin regeneration pathways

Skin Benefits Highlighted

The review identified evidence supporting the use of red and near-infrared light for:

  • Skin rejuvenation
  • Reduction of visible aging signs
  • Collagen support
  • Improved wound healing
  • Tissue regeneration
  • Aesthetic dermatology applications

Safety Considerations

Researchers noted that while light-based therapies show strong promise, treatment parameters remain important. The review highlighted the need for:

  • Proper wavelength selection
  • Appropriate dosing
  • Standardized treatment protocols
  • Continued long-term safety research

The authors also noted that some wavelengths, particularly blue light, may contribute to oxidative stress when improperly used.

Conclusion

The review concluded that visible and near-infrared light therapies represent promising, non-invasive approaches for skin health, regeneration, and aesthetic treatments. Among the wavelengths studied, red and near-infrared light have some of the strongest evidence supporting skin rejuvenation and wound repair applications.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41789284/

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