Photobiomodulation for Traumatic Brain Injury and Stroke (2018)

This 2018 review explored the potential of photobiomodulation (PBM), also known as low-level laser therapy (LLLT), as a treatment for traumatic brain injury (TBI) and stroke. The authors examined both preclinical and clinical evidence on the use of red and near-infrared light therapy to support brain healing and neurological recovery.

Key Findings:

• Photobiomodulation uses red and near-infrared light (600–1100 nm) to stimulate cellular repair, improve mitochondrial function, and enhance energy production within cells.
• Research suggests PBM may help:
  • Improve blood flow and tissue oxygenation
  • Reduce inflammation and swelling
  • Increase antioxidant activity
  • Protect neurons from cell death (apoptosis)
  • Support neurological recovery after injury
• Animal studies consistently demonstrated improvements in:
  • Neurological function
  • Learning and memory
  • Reduction of brain inflammation and tissue damage following TBI.
• Early human studies and case reports showed promising results, including improvements in cognitive function, mood, attention, and quality of life in some patients with chronic traumatic brain injury.
• Despite encouraging findings, clinical evidence remains limited, and larger controlled trials are needed to confirm effectiveness and determine optimal treatment protocols.

Conclusion

The review concluded that photobiomodulation is a promising non-invasive therapy for traumatic brain injury and stroke due to its ability to support cellular energy production, reduce inflammation, and promote neuroprotection. While preclinical research has shown strong positive results, additional high-quality human clinical trials are necessary before PBM can become a standard treatment for neurological injury.

Key Takeaway:
Photobiomodulation therapy may help support brain recovery after traumatic brain injury and stroke by enhancing mitochondrial function, reducing inflammation, and protecting neural tissue, but further clinical research is needed to establish its long-term effectiveness and treatment guidelines.