Photobiomodulation: The Clinical Applications of Low-Level Light Therapy (2021)

This 2021 review examined the clinical applications of low-level light therapy (LLLT), also known as photobiomodulation (PBM), focusing on its use in dermatology, aesthetics, wound healing, and hair restoration. The review explored how red and near-infrared light affect cellular function and evaluated the available clinical evidence supporting therapeutic use.

Key Findings:

• Photobiomodulation works by delivering red and near-infrared light energy that enhances mitochondrial ATP production, cell signaling, growth factor synthesis, and reduces oxidative stress.
• Clinical evidence supports the use of PBM for:
  • Skin rejuvenation, including improvements in facial wrinkles and skin texture.
  • Acne vulgaris treatment.
  • Androgenic alopecia (hair loss) management.
  • Body contouring and fat reduction, where some of the strongest evidence was observed.
• PBM is generally considered safe, non-invasive, and well tolerated, with minimal reported side effects.
• Although many studies reported positive outcomes, the review noted limitations including small sample sizes, methodological weaknesses, and industry-sponsored research, which may affect the strength of conclusions.

Conclusion

The review concluded that photobiomodulation has demonstrated promising clinical benefits across several medical and aesthetic applications, particularly for skin rejuvenation, acne treatment, hair growth, wound healing, and body contouring. However, larger and higher-quality clinical trials are needed to further validate treatment protocols and strengthen the evidence base.

Key Takeaway:
Photobiomodulation therapy is a promising, non-invasive treatment that may support skin health, hair growth, wound healing, and body contouring through its ability to enhance cellular energy production and reduce oxidative stress, though additional high-quality research is still needed.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33471046/