Transcranial Low-Level Light Therapy for Brain Disorders: Review of Mechanisms and Clinical Applications (2017)

This review examined the use of transcranial low-level light therapy (LLLT) / photobiomodulation (PBM) for brain-related disorders, focusing on how near-infrared and red light may affect brain function and neurological recovery.

Key findings:

• Neuroprotection: LLLT may help protect neurons from oxidative stress and cellular damage.
• Improved mitochondrial activity: Therapy appears to increase ATP production and cellular energy metabolism, supporting brain cell survival and repair.
• Enhanced cerebral blood flow: PBM may improve circulation and oxygen delivery in brain tissue.
• Reduced inflammation: Light therapy may help regulate neuroinflammation and oxidative stress.
• Potential neurological applications: Research suggested possible benefits in traumatic brain injury (TBI), stroke, depression, neurodegenerative disorders, and cognitive dysfunction.
• Non-invasive and promising: Transcranial PBM was highlighted as a safe, non-invasive therapeutic approach with growing clinical interest.

Conclusion:

The review concluded that transcranial photobiomodulation shows promise for neurological and psychiatric disorders through neuroprotective, anti-inflammatory, and metabolic effects. However, the authors emphasized that larger clinical studies are needed to confirm efficacy, optimize wavelengths/dosage, and standardize treatment protocols.